Rhoda Kellogg (1898-1987)
Rhoda Kellogg was a psychologist and a nursery school teacher. From 1948-1966, she collected a million drawings made by children between two and eight years old. In 1967, Kellogg published an archive of 8,000 drawings by children ages 24-40 moths. Her approach to sorting the artworks was to, "[group the] drawings having similar gestalt characteristics, then [note] the age level for their first appearance in child work." 255 of these images have been digitally reproduced and can now be accessed online. An introduction to the collection can be viewed here.
Dr. Viktor Lowenfeld (1903-1960)
Viktor Lowenfeld served as an elementary and secondary school teacher in Vienna as well as a professor of Art Education at The Pennsylvania State University. His teaching philosophy regarded good teaching as a form of dialogue. In 1947, Lowenfeld published Creative and Mental Growth, a resource book that clearly defined six Stages of Artistic Development.
Betty Edwards (1926-)
Betty Edwards is an American art teacher and author. She taught high school art in Los Angeles and then at the Art Department at California State University, Long Beach. Her most famous book, Drawing on the Right Side of the Brain (published in 1979), describes two ways of perceiving reality: one verbal and analytic, the other visual and perceptual. The book coaches readers through exercises that focus on improving visual/perceptual skills.
Dr. Judith M. Burton (-)
Dr. Judith M. Burton has taught at the Massachusetts College of Art, Boston University, and is currently the Professor and Director of Art & Art Education at Columbia University's Teachers College. Her research on child development focuses on the artistic-aesthetic development of children and adolescents. In the 1980s, she wrote a series of articles for School Arts called "Developing Minds." The articles were published in order of each stage of development.
Marianne Kerlavage (-)
Marianne Kerlavage developed a more contemporary, holistic stage theory based on the studies of early researches of artistic development. She combined ideas from multiple researches, including Lowenfeld and Kellogg as well as Rudolf Arneim, Claire Colomb, and Howard Gardner.